Toxic Leadership At The Military Research Proposal

TOXIC LEADERSHIP Toxic Leadership in the Military Research Proposal PA 6601 Research Methods Troy University Lauren Maloney Toxic Leadership in the Military The strength of any organization can be found in the ability for the leaders to lead effectively. Effective leadership is essential in the military too, as toxic leadership can have a detrimental impact to those who work under them, as well as the ability for the unit to be cohesive and able to carry out their duties. In the following pages, the symptoms, impact, and mitigation strategies of toxic leadership will be addressed in an attempt at understanding the various aspects that can influence the role of leadership in the military. Lastly, a plan to†¦show more content†¦Regarding the effects, toxic leadership has in the United States Army (Mattson, 2012, p. 12), toxic leaders are defined as, those who put their own needs or image above their subordinates, who micromanage their subordinates, and who are insecure in their own positions. A study that was requested by the Secretary of the Army in 2003 expanded upon the previous understanding of what makes a leader toxic. The results revealed that toxic leaders are focused on visible short-term mission accomplishments, provide superiors with impressive, articulate presentations and enthusiastic responses to missions. However, toxic leaders are unconcerned about, or oblivious to, staff or troop morale or climate and are seen by the majority of subordinates as arrogant, self-serving, inflexible, and petty (Ulmer, 2012, p. 48). These symptoms of toxic leadership can have far-reaching effects on the military unit, including mission readiness. Comment by Author: Deleted:In r Comment by Author: Deleted: to Comment by Author: Deleted:bu Comment by Author: Deleted:and/ Over the past few years, two brigade commanders have been relieved of their position, along with a general, due to engaging in toxic leadership that was highlighted by narcissistic and abusive behavior (Doty Fenlason, 2013). The identification of toxic leaders within the military ranksShow MoreRelatedNeophyte Essay11176 Words   |  45 Pagesoutset of this paper that crystal methamphetamine is not a First Nations specific problem and should not be perceived as one. Some communities have a problem with it, while others do not. This does not, however, mean that communities and leadership should not be proactive and on the forefront of this emerging issue. 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Graduation Speech On Academic Integrity - 859 Words

Course Reflections The graduate seminar course is a required course for all graduate students to take before they start their graduate program here at Baker College. There are many of different things this course helps students out with from getting them familiar with the online classroom too teaching the students the fundamentals of APA formatting. This course consists of three seminars all each lasting a week that goes over many important details that each graduate student are required to know. In seminar one, during the first week of this course it goes over many policies of the school and the online learning environment. This week also gets each student familiar with navigating through the online classroom. Also during this week during our first graded discussions we talked about academic integrity and the meaning of it. 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Cross Cultural Comparison of Nonverbal Cues †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cross Cultural Comparison of Nonverbal Cues. Answer: Introduction: The country of the United States is located mainly in the central part of North America. In the north, there is the Canada and in the south is the Mexico. Moreover, it is bordered by on the west by the Pacific Ocean as well as to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. The country has a total population of about 304 million. This country covers a vase area on the earth that accounts to 9,629,000. It is interesting to know that researchers include this country as one of the worlds most culturally diverse nations (Klabbers, 2015). It comprises of about 50 states along with the federal district. The country of the United States is stated by business stalwarts as one of the most highly industrialized country. It is seen to boast proudly of a full fledge modern economy. Researchers also consider it to be one of the most powerful economy which is present in the world. Hence, any individual with an aspiration to look himself as an expert business professional can reach his objectives if get a chanc e for working in such modernized industries of the country (Nikomo Hoobler, 2014). The country is also abundant in different types of natural resources. It has huge amount of reserves that include coal, petroleum, iron ore, natural gas and also sylvite thereby ranking among the topmost positions of the world. In the decade of the 1990s, a robust growth was recorded in the United States when the new economy along with the information as well as the biotechnology industry started playing a leading role. This made the country enjoy the unparalleled economic growth in that period (Ethier, 2016). However in the year 2001, the economy of the country slumped into a period of brief recession but it showed the capability to stand and turn around after the fall. It again returned to prosperity. In the month of July in 2007, the subprime mortgage crisis broke out in the United States. Since then, it had been spreading to the different parts of the world. The country is now starting to emerge from its longest recession period from the time of the World War 2. For example, the two countries of US and China are now found to be each others second largest trading partners who had a bilateral trade which had been reaching for about 333.74 billion U.S dollars in 2008. Therefore it can be easily seen that united states are continuously on the progress of making more international bonding and developing industrial projects which takes them to a more economically powerful nation of the world (Buchelli Wadhwani, 2014). Economists are now agreeing that the economy if the country is finally putting in a broad based recovery from the disaster of the 2008 Great recession. After thorough analysis of the job market, it has been found that the nation is now being able to create jobs for millions and the wage growth is also picking. The foreign trade is also gradually getting pace although it is now standing to 30% of the nations GDP. These signs are indicating a prosperous recovery as w ell as a healthy and self sufficient economy. All these signs are showing how the country has geared up for the development of the economy providing more scope to new business professionals who are aspiring to become big in life (Shwab, 2017). US have been successful to hold on to the trend of energy renaissance all due to the advancements in technology mainly in segments like drilling as well developed extensively. The industrys growth had reached 168% between 2010 and 2013. Manufacturers had been found to be contributing about $2.09 trillion to the economy. This is also an increase from $1.73 trillion in 2009. This sector accounts for about 12% of the GDP an support for about 17.6 million jobs in U.S. transportation sector, healthcare sectors, agriculture and many others all are flourishing tremendously (Kaldor, 2013). Therefore, it had developed scopes for individuals to get new jobs in the country. Therefore choosing United States as the country for this assignment is quite just ified. Researchers suggest that by the term culture it means the wide domain which encompasses the food, religion, how one hears, what that person wears, how they sit at table, how visitors are greeted, how one behaves with loved one and many others. This had been stated by Christina De Rossi who is an anthropologist who works at Barnate and also Southgate College in London. This country is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world (Scott Davis, 2015). The English had colonized the country in the year 1600s. At that very time, they had incorporated some of their cultures in the making of the United States. Besides, cultures of Native Americans, Latin Americans, Africans and Asians also make US culture. Nine percent of the US population speaks English and most of the business is conducted in English. Besides English, other languages which are also spoken are Chinese, French, Spanish as well as German. Census bureau had successfully reported that more than 300 languages are s poken in US.71 % of the population are Christian and about 23% had no religious affiliation at all (Stromquist, 2016). Around 6% is made up of non Christian religions. The style of dressing mainly varies by social status, occupation, climate as well as region. Jeans, sneakers, cowboy hats, boots, baseball caps are some of the interesting clothing styles. Fashion of this region is mainly influenced by celebrities and the media and many like to wear branded clothes. Coming to the culture of diet, the diet of UA is largely influenced by the European and Latin American eating styles. They mainly prefer hot dogs, hamburgers, hot dogs, cheese and macaroni as well as meat loaf (Spring, 2016). Southern style cooking is specific that reflects the menu which includes dishes like fried chicken, collard greens, corn bread as well as black eyed peas. Again Tex-Mex is cooking style famous in Texas and southwest that incorporate Spanish and Mexican cooking styles. These involve food items with chi li and burritos as well as jellies heavily shredded on cheese and beans. Jerky dried meats are also as snacks. In section of art, United States is famous for being the leaders is mass media production. This includes television and movies. Hollywood has a very vibrant movie industry. California as well as American movies worldwide earn a huge revenue which can reach to $ 771 billion by 2019 to the US Department of commerce (McWilliams et al., 2016). They have a rich theatrical history. Moreover, the folk art is an artistic style. This is seen to be with quilts and other hand crafted items. Music is also very diverse with many styles like bluegrass, rock 'n' roll, hip hop and also blues, jazz, gospel, country and western. Moreover they are sport minded country with millions of fans following football, hockey, basketball and other sports. The favorite sport has however remained baseball. A large number of holidays are also celebrated in the country. This involves the Independence Day, Memorial Day, Labor Day, thanksgiving, presidents day and many others. However symbols of social stratification are noticed (Acuna et al., 2015). Data suggests that the gains made by the topmost 1% of the population made by the rich classes can never match with the low socioeconomic classes who have made no such gains in the last year. Although a strong cultural belief in the reality of equal opportunity and economic mobility is believed in by the nation but it hardly gets reflected in the social scenario. Business culture of the country: The working culture of the United States is characterized by string work ethics. The business culture mainly provides heavy emphasis on the individual initiative as well as achievement. In this culture, personal competence professionalism as well as accountability for individual professional is highly valued. In this type of culture, the superiors of the organization are mostly consulted only when urgently required (Bolman Deal, 2017). Most of the business is mainly carried out autonomously. However in case of Malaysia, it is seen that it is the higher rank officials who mainly take the decisions and the working system is vertically hierarchical where less decision-making power resides in the subordinates. In the domain of business communication, the culture mainly provides a very direct communication style. The primary purpose of the communication mainly involves the exchanging of information as well as facts and opinions. They never form their decisions on feelings. More importanc e is given to what it is said than how it is said. Their explicit communication style allows them not to hesitate before saying no or to criticize others in the public. However, Malaysians who are predominantly Muslims, Indians or Chinese rely less on empirical evidence and are driven more by feelings and emotions. In US culture, silent moments in conversations make them feel uncomfortable and therefore they take initiatives to fill the gaps. They are friendly with their bosses. However in Malaysia, relationship between subordinates and their officials are distinct and highly officials. In US, when any conflicts arise, it is dealt directly and openly. However sometimes, it is seen that direct ways of communication sometimes cause problems with people coming from other cultures where business is developed on personal bonds and conflict is handled indirectly and saving face is significant (Rallapalli Montogeny, 2016). A third factor which is also noticed is that time is considered mo ney by them. While other cultures provide importance on relationship building, the working culture of this country remains preoccupied with time. Time is an intangible asset for them which they believe can be invested, spent, saved, lost, found and also waste. They believe wasting time is similar to wasting money. Punctuality is considered to be an important part of US business etiquettes (Evanschitzky et al., 2014). Lateness is considered rudeness and disrespectful. Schedules are important. Deadlines are also needed to be strictly adhered to. When officials conduct meetings as well as negotiations, importance is provided on driving the best results in the least and quickest possible time. When meetings are conducted, it starts with a firm handshake which accompanies direct eye contacts. This signals interest, sincerity and confidence to the American business partner. In the first meeting, a professional of a separate background or of similar background should address the person wit h respective titles and their last names. They will in turn make it know how he wishes to be addressed. In Malaysia, professionals should be addressed with Mr. or miss or Mrs. followed by their surnames. First names are not preferred. In US, small talks regarding work-related matters to sports, weather, travel and others can be done to understand the ambience and for better networking (Jackson Wang, 2013). However that should be short. Business cards are very less distributed. It is not distributed until any chance of contacting the person at later date arises. In Malaysia, business cards are very important. They should be handed with names on the upside and should be read before putting them in pockets. In US, dress code depends varying on the location and type of business. However wearing classic clothing mainly in the color of blue or navy in suits, ties and dress suits ensures a more confident and conservative appearance. American respects privacy as well as their personal spac e. In cases of negotiations and contracts, they want to get down to main points directly. They regard negotiations as problem solving skills which are based on mutual benefit as well as personal strengths with clear emphasis on the financial position and business powers (Maznac et al., 2015). Those values are only preferred which are straight forward and to the point. They want others to express their ideas by themselves only. The business language is full of idiomatic expressions that may come from touch base, ballpark figure, game plan, home run or others. This may become difficult for those who are not from same culture. Individualism may be defined as the degree of the interdependence which a society or organization maintain among its members. Such people with high individualism only look after their own interests and over their direct families. Collectivism is present in societies where people belong to in groups which take care for each other on the platform of trust and loyalty. US scores very high on individualism for about 91. People in these organizations only look after themselves and their immediate families. They try to prove their merit by providing more importance on their own quality of work rather than developing goals which include assimilation of group members (Gelf et al., 2017). Malaysia scores 26 in individualism meaning that it follows a collectivist society. Such a society mainly deepens on formation of strong bonds among team members and colleagues. Here everyone takes responsibility for fellow members and loyalty is mainly placed as a foundation of such collectivist culture in Malaysia. Power can be defined as the degree by which any particular individual is able to influence the ideas and behaviors of people. The attribute of power distance deals with the fact that all individuals in the societies are unequal and therefore it expresses the attitude of the culture towards these power inequalities among the individuals of society or origination. USA scores less on the power distance like around 46. This is because US is seen to have organizations where hierarchy is established mainly for convenience. Superiors are easily accessible and approachable and managers rely on the individual employees and teams for their expertise. As managers and employees expect to be consulted and information is ahead frequently at equal levels, therefore power distance is very low in US business culture (Baki et al., 2015). On the other hand Malaysia scores very high about 100 out of 100 which mean that business culture here accepts hierarchal order. It reflects inherent inequalities, su bordinates are commanded about what to do, here the boss is the benevolent autocrat and centralization is popular. This attribute mainly helps in describing the way which a society deals with any positive or negative future events which can never be known beforehand. It is actually the extent to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations as well as created beliefs and institution who try to avoid this. The anxiety associated with this attribute is handled by different countries in different ways. The extent to which a culture feels threatened by any unknown situations helps researchers to know how well they are prepare to properly handle it and avoid damage. This is measured by uncertainty avoidance. US scores very low for about 46. US show fair degree of acceptance of new idea, innovative ideas or willingness to try something new to avoid uncertainty. However they do not feel the necessity of rules and they are usually less emotionally expressive than higher scoring cultures. Malaysia shows far poorer marks about 36. And thus have a low preferences or avoiding uncertainty . They follow more relaxed attitudes where people believe that there should be no more rules than required (Park et al., 2014). They also believe that if employees do not work or re ambiguous, they should be changed. They provide flexible schedules and also take hard work only when necessary. Innovation is also seen as threatening. Achievement mainly comes under the dimension of masculinity where it indicates the society which needs to be driven by competition, achievement and success. A low score on masculinity means high score on nurturing attitudes which reflect the dimensions of femininity. The later means that the organization where quality of life is the main sig of success. Masculine reflects organizations wanting to be best and femininity reflects what workers like to do. Malaysia shows a score of 50, which indicates that it, maintains a proper balance of both masculine and feminine traits in business culture. US show a score of 62. This shows high masculinity traits with most individualist drive in the world. This shows that they are more aligned to goal driven achievements and strategies to maintain the best quality performance rather than developing collectivist attitude and looking for everyone comfort in the work zone (Sharma et al., 2014). The dimension mainly states that every society has to maintain some links with its own past while handling he different challenges of the present and future. United States scores low for about 26. This reflects that they follow normative societies who prefer to maintain time honored traditions and norms and view societal change with suspicion. They are more prone to analyze new information to check whether it is true. Therefore, this culture does not make them pragmatic. American business measures their performance on short term basis with profits and losses being issues on quarterly basis for striving quick results at workplace. Malaysia also score low for about 41. They are also normative and exhibit great respect for traditions with a focus on achieving quick results but not as much as that of the US (Acuna et al., 2015). Conclusion: United States has been described as one of the most successful nation in industrialization and conducting international business. Technological advancements in drilling and hydraulic fracturing, oil gas production, manufacturing industry, transportation industry, healthcare industry, agriculture and others are advancing at a very high space providing job to millions. USA had been successful in maintaining a mixture of varieties of culture along with its own distinct cultures of food, clothing, sports, language and others. Moreover their business etiquettes are also different and needs to be strictly followed by someone who wants to establish a professional relationship with them. In comparison to Malaysia, United States has low power distance, higher individualism; more or less similar levels of masculinity traits and long term orientation. All these information would help an aspiring business student to initiate his career in the business world of United States and become successful in his career. References: Acua, R. (2015). Occupied America.The Latino/a Condition: A Critical Reader,, 61-4. Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017).Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Bucheli, M., Wadhwani, R. D. (2014). Organizations in time.History, Theory, Methods. Oxford. Ethier, D. (Ed.). (2016).Democratic Transition and Consolidation in Southern Europe, Latin America and Southeast Asia. Springer. Evanschitzky, H., Emrich, O., Sangtani, V., Ackfeldt, A. L., Reynolds, K. E., Arnold, M. J. (2014). Hedonic shopping motivations in collectivistic and individualistic consumer cultures.International Journal of Research in Marketing,31(3), 335-338. Jackson, L. A., Wang, J. L. (2013). Cultural differences in social networking site use: A comparative study of China and the United States.Computers in human behavior,29(3), 910-921. Kaldor, M. (2013).New and old wars: Organised violence in a global era. John Wiley Sons. Klabbers, J. (2015).An introduction to international organizations law. Cambridge University Press. Mazanec, J. A., Crotts, J. C., Gursoy, D., Lu, L. (2015). Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, 299-304. McWilliams, C., Meier, M. S., Garca, A. M. (2016).North from Mexico: The Spanish-Speaking People of the United States: The Spanish-Speaking People of the United States. ABC-CLIO. Nkomo, S., Hoobler, J. M. (2014). A historical perspective on diversity ideologies in the United States: Reflections on human resource management research and practice.Human Resource Management Review,24(3), 245-257. Park, J., Baek, Y. M., Cha, M. (2014). Cross?cultural comparison of nonverbal cues in emoticons on twitter: Evidence from big data analysis.Journal of Communication,64(2), 333-354. Schwab, K. (2017).The fourth industrial revolution. Crown Business. Scott, W. R., Davis, G. F. (2015).Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Spring, J. (2016).Deculturalization and the struggle for equality: A brief history of the education of dominated cultures in the United States. Routledge. Stromquist, N. P. (2016).Feminist organizations and social transformation in Latin America. Routledge.

The Physics Of Scuba Diving Swimming with the Fis Essay Example For Students

The Physics Of Scuba Diving: Swimming with the Fis Essay h Have you ever wondered what it would be like to swim with the fish and explore the underwater jungle that covers two-thirds of the earths surface? I have always been interested in water activities; swimming, diving and skiing, and I felt that scuba was for me. My first dive took place while on a family vacation. I came across a dive shop offering introductory dives, which immediately caught my interest. After much convincing (my parents), with my solemn assurance that I would be careful, I was allowed to participate in a dive. I was ready, or so I thought. We will write a custom essay on The Physics Of Scuba Diving: Swimming with the Fis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The slim basics such as breathing were explained and I was literally tossed in. Sounds easy enough, right!, well WRONG!!. From the moment I hit the water, my experience was much less than fun. I quickly sank to the bottom into a new world, with unfamiliar dangers. I really wasnt ready for this experience. I was disorientated, causing me to panic, which shortened the length of my dive, not to mention my air supply. Lets just say I would not do that again. To start exploring the underwater world, one must first master a few skills. Certification is the first step of learning to dive. From qualified professionals one must learn how to use the equipment, safety precautions, and the best places to dive. This paper is designed to help give a general understanding of the sport and the importance that physics plays in it. Self- contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus, or SCUBA for short, is a hell of a lot of fun. However, there is considerably more to Diving than just putting on a wetsuit and strapping some compressed air onto ones back. As I quickly learned, diving safely requires quite a bit more in terms of time, effort, and preparation. When one goes underwater, a diver is introduced to a new and unfamiliar world, where many dangers exist, but can be avoided with proper lessons and understanding. With this knowledge the water is ours to discover. The Evolution of Scuba Diving Divers have penetrated the oceans through the centuries for the purpose of acquiring food, searching for treasure, carrying out military operations, performing scientific research and exploration, and enjoying the aquatic environment. Bachrach (1982) identified the following five principal periods in the history of diving which are currently in use. Free (or breath-hold) diving, bell diving, surface support or helmet (hard hat) diving, scuba diving, and, saturation diving or atmospheric diving (Ketels, 4) SCUBA DIVING The development of self-contained underwater breathing apparatus provided the free moving diver with a portable air supply which, although finite in comparison with the unlimited air supply available to the helmet diver, allowed for mobility. Scuba diving is the most frequently used mode in recreational diving and, in various forms, is also widely used to perform underwater work for military, scientific, and commercial purposes. There were many steps in the development of a successful self-contained underwater system. In 1808, Freiderich yon Drieberg invented a bellows-in-a-box device that was worn on the divers back and delivered compressed air from the surface. This device, named Triton, did not actually work but served to suggest that compressed air could be used in diving, an idea initially conceived of by Halley in 1716. (Ketels, 9) In 1865, two French inventors, Rouquayrol and Denayrouse, developed a suit that they described as self-contained. In fact, their suit was not self contained but consisted of a helmet-using surface-supported system that had an air reservoir that was carried on the divers back and was sufficient to provide one breathing cycle on demand. The demand valve regulator was used with surface supply largely because tanks of adequate strength were not yet available to handle air at high pressure. This systems demand valve, which was automatically controlled, represented a major breakthrough because it permitted the diver to have a breath of air when needed. The Rouquayrol and Denayrouse apparatus was described with remarkable accuracy in Jules Vernes classic, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea, which was written in 1869, only 4 years after the inventors had made their device public (Ketels, 10). .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 , .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 .postImageUrl , .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 , .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874:hover , .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874:visited , .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874:active { border:0!important; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874:active , .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874 .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua96b85575b54bbe30512b24649449874:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AIDS and HIV misc 12 00 EssaySemi-Self-Contained Diving Suit The demand valve played a critical part in the later development of one form of scuba apparatus. In the 1920s, a French naval officer, Captain Yves Le Prieur, began work on a self-contained air diving apparatus that resulted in 1926 in the award of a patent, shared with his countryman Fernez. This device was a steel cylinder containing compressed air that . The Physics Of Scuba Diving Swimming with the Fis Essay Example For Students The Physics Of Scuba Diving: Swimming with the Fis Essay h The Physics Of Scuba Diving: Swimming with the Fis Essayh Have you ever wondered what it would be like to swim with the fish and explore the underwater jungle that covers two-thirds of the earths surface? I have always been interested in water activities; swimming, diving and skiing, and I felt that scuba was for me. My first dive took place while on a family vacation. I came across a dive shop offering introductory dives, which immediately caught my interest. After much convincing (my parents), with my solemn assurance that I would be careful, I was allowed to participate in a dive. I was ready, or so I thought. We will write a custom essay on The Physics Of Scuba Diving: Swimming with the Fis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The slim basics such as breathing were explained and I was literally tossed in. Sounds easy enough, right!, well WRONG!!. From the moment I hit the water, my experience was much less than fun. I quickly sank to the bottom into a new world, with unfamiliar dangers. I really wasnt ready for this experience. I was disorientated, causing me to panic, which shortened the length of my dive, not to mention my air supply. Lets just say I would not do that again. To start exploring the underwater world, one must first master a few skills. Certification is the first step of learning to dive. From qualified professionals one must learn how to use the equipment, safety precautions, and the best places to dive. This paper is designed to help give a general understanding of the sport and the importance that physics plays in it. Self- contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus, or SCUBA for short, is a hell of a lot of fun. However, there is considerably more to Diving than just putting on a wetsuit and strapping some compressed air onto ones back. As I quickly learned, diving safely requires quite a bit more in terms of time, effort, and preparation. When one goes underwater, a diver is introduced to a new and unfamiliar world, where many dangers exist, but can be avoided with proper lessons and understanding. With this knowledge the water is ours to discover. The Evolution of Scuba Diving Divers have penetrated the oceans through the centuries for the purpose of acquiring food, searching for treasure, carrying out military operations, performing scientific research and exploration, and enjoying the aquatic environment. Bachrach (1982) identified the following five principal periods in the history of diving which are currently in use. Free (or breath-hold) diving, bell diving, surface support or helmet (hard hat) diving, scuba diving, and, saturation diving or atmospheric diving (Ketels, 4) SCUBA DIVING The development of self-contained underwater breathing apparatus provided the free moving diver with a portable air supply which, although finite in comparison with the unlimited air supply available to the helmet diver, allowed for mobility. Scuba diving is the most frequently used mode in recreational diving and, in various forms, is also widely used to perform underwater work for military, scientific, and commercial purposes. There were many steps in the development of a successful self-contained underwater system. In 1808, Freiderich yon Drieberg invented a bellows-in-a-box device that was worn on the divers back and delivered compressed air from the surface. This device, named Triton, did not actually work but served to suggest that compressed air could be used in diving, an idea initially conceived of by Halley in 1716. (Ketels, 9) In 1865, two French inventors, Rouquayrol and Denayrouse, developed a suit that they described as self-contained. In fact, their suit was not self contained but consisted of a helmet-using surface-supported system that had an air reservoir that was carried on the divers back and was sufficient to provide one breathing cycle on demand. The demand valve regulator was used with surface supply largely because tanks of adequate strength were not yet available to handle air at high pressure. This systems demand valve, which was automatically controlled, represented a major breakthrough because it permitted the diver to have a breath of air when needed. The Rouquayrol and Denayrouse apparatus was described with remarkable accuracy in Jules Vernes classic, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea, which was written in 1869, only 4 years after the inventors had made their device public (Ketels, 10). .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a , .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a .postImageUrl , .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a , .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a:hover , .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a:visited , .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a:active { border:0!important; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a:active , .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u802412f75d4bf43d19432de1406c7c2a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Delusional Disorder Treatments EssaySemi-Self-Contained Diving Suit The demand valve played a critical part in the later development of one form of scuba apparatus. In the 1920s, a French naval officer, Captain Yves Le Prieur, began work on a self-contained air diving apparatus that resulted in 1926 in the award of a patent, shared with his countryman Fernez. This .

The Equal Family of Words

The Equal Family of Words The Equal Family of Words The Equal Family of Words By Mark Nichol This post discusses a family of words that pertain to balance, impartiality, or uniformity. The root equi-, which forms without the i when it precedes a vowel, ultimately derives from the Latin adjective aequus, meaning â€Å"even† (which is not related to equus, meaning â€Å"horse† and the source of equestrian). Equal refers to a state of balance, and the noun form is equality; a person or system that favors or promotes equality is an egalitarian. (The consonantal change occurred in French.) Equity is the quality of fairness, though the word also has senses in finance and in property ownership of rights or value. The adjectival form is equitable, and equitably is the adverbial form. The antonym, with the same variations, is inequity, though iniquity, which means â€Å"wickedness,† stems from the same source. (Its adjectival form is iniquitous, and the noun is formed by attaching to that word the suffix -ness.) To equate is to balance or compare, or to make even or smooth; the act of doing so is equation. (That noun also denotes a logical or mathematical expression.) Equanimity is fairness, and equilibrium is mental or physical balance. The root word of the former term is a form of animus, meaning â€Å"mind† or â€Å"spirit,† so a literal translation is â€Å"even mind,† and the root word of the latter term is derived from libra, meaning â€Å"balance† or â€Å"scale,† so equilibrium literally means â€Å"even balance.† (Equanimity has no adjectival form, but equilibrious, though rare, serves that function for equilibrium.) Equivalence (equivalency is a variation) is literally â€Å"equal worth†; the adjectival form is equivalent. The source of the root of equivocation is also that of vocal and voice; literally â€Å"equal voice,† the word has pejorative senses of â€Å"avoiding commitment to what one says† or â€Å"using language to deceive.† One is described as equivocating or being equivocal. Equinox derives from the Latin word for â€Å"equality of night (and day)†- the root nox is related to the first syllable of nocturnal (and both are cognate with night)- and refers to the two days of the year, six months apart, when day and night are of identical duration. A word that may not be an apparent relative of those described above is adequate, which means â€Å"sufficient.† (Its Latin forebear literally means â€Å"make equal.†) Depending on context, the word can be neutral or disparaging. And the rare term equiparation means â€Å"equal treatment.† (The root syllable is related to par and per, which pertain to value.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowHang, Hung, HangedOne "L" or Two?

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Human Resource Management - Essay Example The workforces of firms are seen as the main resources that enable competitive advantage. The practices of Human Resource Management (HRM) have led to dramatic developments in developed countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States of America, as well as many developing economies such as India (Budhwar and Khatri, 2001). The Indian economy is characterized by huge growth in Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) made by multinational corporations entering different sectors of the economy. This economic status requires companies that tend to invest in the Indian economy to have special and modernized people management practices. Human Resource Management (HRM) systems and practices may vary from one country to another, as cultural and national factors influence the ways that human resources are managed across the globe. In this paper I will illustrate the distinguishing features of various HRM systems that Indian people practice in their organizations in terms of recruitment an d retention, training and development, and performance and reward management. Challenges facing Indian HR practices will also be examined. 2. Culture in India Culture in India is predominantly affected by the following factors: 2.1 Power distance Many Indians believe that power and wealth are unequally distributed within the country and that this situation is badly in need of change. Strong organizational hierarchy leads to the occurrence of both respected and disregarded positions among employees. The caste system, which is largely accepted in India, cannot be changed, although barriers between castes are shrinking and ‘untouchability’ was declared illegal in 1949. Caste is thought to be determined by behavior in former lives and is therefore accepted as fate. This affects the entire life of Indians, including their social status and profession (Khan-Panni and Swallow, 2009 {in Hollinshead 2009}). 2.2 Uncertainty avoidance In India there is a relatively low level of un certainty compared to other countries. Structures and traditions play key roles in reducing uncertainty, as Indians respect traditions, caste and heritage; elements that determine their role in society (Khan- Panni and Swallow, ibid {in Hollinshead 2

The Age of Global Communications Technology and a Cause for Worry for Essay

The Age of Global Communications Technology and a Cause for Worry for the Subsequent Spread of Westernization - Essay Example It is a factor that assists in determining the speed with which human beings are able to grow and develop on a personal as well as societal basis. The internet is one such form of global communication technology in the world today. Over the last few decades it has spread all over the world massively, wiring almost every corner of the world and helping in spreading information and resources to every nook and cranny. This paper is a reflection of how this same global communication technology, in the form of the internet, has helped to spread westernization all over the world within the span of a very short period, how this spreading of the western culture has been affecting various parts of people’s lives, namely, culture, politics, business, science and technology; and whether or not this very spread of westernization, affecting all these portions of a person’s life, is a cause for worry for the rest of the world or not. The world has become almost like a small village, with almost each and every person connected to the other. All kinds of information can be found online with the help of the internet. In the last few decades, the internet has also become a very common and affordable phenomenon taking over every person’s household; most people look for the feature of having internet on their cell phones, smart phones, personal computers, laptops, and any other aspect of their life that may have the option of being connected to the World Wide Web consortium. Information from various kinds of libraries, government agencies, NGOs, offices etc, from all around the world can be available easily on a person’s private laptop with the click of the mouse; such resources help in researching, writing as well as gaining more and more knowledge on vast topics. Sitting in one’s bedroom, a person can conduct meetings worldwide through video conferencing, play multi player games with people from around the world, social network with friends and family and do so much more. (Huntington, Samuel) The internet is thus that part of the global communication technology which does not restrict a person from knowing more about anything. The internet is also mostly free to anyone wanting to make use of it, and thus its appeal grows even more. However, the question remains, has the widespread use of this part of technology led to the spreading of western culture, and if it has, then is this westernization a cause for worry for the rest of humanity? Westernization is the adoption of western thoughts, ideas and beliefs, in terms of science, technology, industry, politics and culture. It also includes aspects like religion, philosophy and anything else that includes the adoption and usage of foreign thoughts coming from the West. It is thus the process of inculcating values and ideologies from the west into an indigenous thought process. Westernization basically comes from the acceptance and implementation of ideals from Europe and Amer ica. Since these regions have been known to dominate the world for a good period of time since the modern world took its course, they have been said to have left behind their values and way of living life in the countries and colonies they had captured back then. Most countries around the world have been under the rule of Europe for a very long time in the past. Others have been a part of American cultures and ideals before they broke free and started forming their own governments and democracies. However, despite breaking away from these parent overriding rules, they still retain a vast amount of culture from them. For example, India was ruled